The 10 commandments of employee discipline and dismissal Free Essays

A year ago alone, several unfriendly decisions were tons of organizations, coming about to a great many liabilities. Today is miserable to take note of that numerous businesses, either abetted by their HR and faculty administrators, or against the expert exhortation of HR and legal advisors, don't generally hold fast to the arrangements of the Labor Code, on the guidelines of managing their own specialists in the matter of control and excusal. In spite of the considerable number of classes, workshops and symposia, that HR faculty go to normally, the board never appears to learn. We will compose a custom paper test on The 10 edicts of worker control and excusal or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now The outcome could be exceptionally harming, if not grievous. An unfavorable choice by the NLRC and the Supreme Court involves not just a request to reestablish laborers and pay them full backwages yet additionally good and model harms. The best harm is upon the acceptable name and corporate picture and generosity of the organizations, or an unsalvageable harm on the amicable relations among workers and the board, coming about to decreases in profitability, quality and benefits. To help address this issue, this essayist is currently leaving on a backing through the PMAP, the official relationship of individuals administrators so as to address this issue. A week ago, I was in Baguio, at that point to Iligan. Today, I am in Davao afterward this week, to Cagayan de Oro, in July in Tacloban, Bicol and Batangas. By August, I will direct workshops in Cebu, Mandaue, and Mactan on the basic need to return to the standard of law in driving and overseeing individuals. I have 10 rules on representative control and excusal. Initially, the board should regard the workers’ rights in the activity of the employers’ privileges to recruit and fire individuals, to move, advance and downgrade. The Labor Code is express and unequivocal. The DOLE, NLRC and the Supreme Courts are exacting and firm. The subsequent rule is that administration ought to stick to the particular noble motivations for end of business, under Article 282 of the Code, as genuine unfortunate behavior, defiance, misrepresentation, penetrate of trust, gross and constant carelessness and violations. Third, managers ought to follow the approved causes under Article 283, similar to excess and conservation, work sparing gadgets and terminations. Fourth, the exacting guidelines on fair treatment, under Article 277 (b) ought to never be undermined. Fifth, the executives ought to consistently hold up under as a primary concern that, in illicit excusal cases, it is the businesses and not the complainants who have the weight of confirmation. 6th, the confirmation must be sufficient to qualify, under the law, and controlling precept, as falling inside the quantum of significant proof. In Cebu alone, numerous organizations neglected to agree to these fundamental standards. The seventh rule is that administration should ace the workmanship and study of appropriate and sufficient documentation, from recruiting to resigning. Authoritative documents ought to be readied following the many-sided systems and conventions. The guidance of master legal counselors ought to be looked for. A few legal advisors might be fantastic in criminal and common laws however are totally dumbfounded in the act of work laws and work relations. Any slip-up could jeopardize the suitability of the business and the profession of CEOs and COOs and some HR administrators. Precept number 8 is the urgent selection of legal counselors and advisors and the correct treatment of work cases before the Labor Arbiters and the NLRC, the re-appraising and the Supreme Court. The ninth precept is realizing how to react to summons, unfriendly choices, writs of executions and other lawful procedures. Out of sheer absence of information or more terrible, absence of regard for law and major workers’ rights, numerous great missteps had been submitted. The tenth is for the board to proactively prepare their administrators, chiefs and HR staff how to maintain a strategic distance from and forestall bodies of evidence to be documented against the organization. A little interest in these forward-looking, formative and engaging workshops can go far in sparing the business from the unfriendly impacts of negative court decisions. Instructions to refer to The 10 decrees of representative order and excusal, Papers

Plant Lectin on Blood Agglutination

Lectin is a protein that is ordinarily found in specific plants, for example, grainsâ (wheat), vegetables (soybeans and peanuts), and furthermore can be found in potato, tomato, eggplant and pepper. It is seen as harmful, particularly if the food containing it is half-cooked. It makes harm the gut divider in the stomach. Lectin’s poisonousness may even reason fast demise. Lectin is a glycoprotein. As a glycoprotein, it is fit for authoritative to sugar. It will in general tie to sugars in explicit and reversible way. It is a protein that has restricting site explicit to sugar. In view of this capacity of lectin, it can cause agglutination of red platelets. It does as such by cooperation with the sugar moieties of the cell divider prompting the amassing together of the cells. In blood agglutination by lectin, its dynamic locales are the ones that predicament to the sugar moieties present in the cell mass of the red platelets These dynamic destinations are comprises of certain amino corrosive deposits. It was proposed that there are at least two amino corrosive deposits that are available in the dynamic site of lectin (refered to in Sharon, 2007). A portion of these amino corrosive structures hydrogen securities with the hydroxyl gathering of the sugar or starch moiety. The other amino acids connect hydrophobically. Beside these connections, different sorts of collaborations, for example, coordination with the metal, similar to communication with the iron compound of the hemoglobin in the red platelets, and electrostatic association may happen as well.â Further cooperation of these dynamic locales to other starch some portion of the platelets results to huge mass, at that point the clustering of cells happens. Explicitness of lectin towards starches relies upon the sort of amino corrosive present in its dynamic site. This made plant lectin discovered its helpfulness in the field of medication. One utilization of plant lectin is in deciding blood gathering. Lectin can agglutinate explicit kinds of erythrocytes. Various wellsprings of lectin may have diverse dynamic locales, in this manner may direct the sort of sugar it ties with. Plant lectins, regardless of the threat it might present in our wellbeing, can be as yet helpful in our life. As the investigation and research on lectin advances, more advantages that we can get from these mixes are uncovered. Reference Sharon, N. (2007). Lectins: Carbohydrate-explicit Reagents and Biological Recognition Molecules. Diary of Biological Chemistry, 282, 5, 2753-2764. Recovered December 9,â 2007 from, http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/282/5/2753 Â

The Color Psychology of Orange

The Color Psychology of Orange Theories Cognitive Psychology Print The Color Psychology of Orange By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on October 06, 2019 More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology How does the color orange make you feel? Orange can be a very strong and energetic color. Like yellow and red, it can be very attention-grabbing, which is perhaps why it is often used in advertising. People often describe orange as bright, happy, and uplifting. In some cases, however, it can seem too bright and overwhelming. Much like purple, orange tends to be a controversial color.  People tend to either love it or hate it. Orange is very blatant and vulgar. It makes you immediately start having feelings.â€" Wolf Kahn Illustration by Cindy Chung, Verywell Orange Color Psychology According to color psychology: Orange is a combination of yellow and red and is considered an energetic color.Orange calls to mind feelings of excitement, enthusiasm, and warmth.Orange is often used to draw attention, such as in traffic signs and advertising.Orange is energetic, which is perhaps why many sports teams use orange in their uniforms, mascots, and branding.Orange is also the color of bright sunsets and fruits such as oranges and tangerines, so many people might associate the color with the beauty of a setting sun or the refreshing taste of citrus.Orange is also linked to autumn and the color of dying leaves and pumpkins.The color is also heavily linked to Halloween in the United States, so it can sometimes have a dark or even cartoonish association. How does orange make you feel? Do you associate orange with certain qualities or situations? It is important to remember that the symbolism and associations of the color orange are not universal. Cultural differences often play a role in how people relate to color. In the U.S., people might associate orange with prison uniforms, while in other countries it is linked to royalty and spirituality. The way we see orange used in the environment plays a major role in how we feel about it. If you associate the color with pleasant autumn evenings spent with family and friends, then you will likely have strong positive associations with the color. Learn what others have to say about the color orange in some of the comments that readers have shared. Orange Is Spiritual The color orange makes me think of spirituality and compassion. I find that meditation is helped when I am close to orange objects. â€" Sikhme Orange Is Energetic Not my absolute favourite, but here is my insight on orange. Its very energetic, its used to draw attention, its flashy and pop-artish, its enthusiastic, warm and a bit childish. It also reminds me of Autumn, cats, tulips, ginger hair, cheese, sweet potatoes, carrots... The list just goes on and on! â€" Alice Orange Is Attention-Getting Orange is the color of loving life and vitality. It sparks enthusiastic response and energetic feelings within. I think if orange is one of your favorite colors â€" then you are a lover of people, having socialization, life in general, and being noticed. Orange evokes happy feelings and energizing feelings for me. I love this color. This is a definite color to wear when one is looking to be friendly and social and when one needs to brighten their day. Orange really stands out if you put it against a bright turquoise or a darker shade of purple. â€" Adrian Orange Is Happy My favorite color is orange because it invokes a feeling of warm, sunny days. It is bright and cheerful and also makes me think of love, in all its manifestations. I think of the Dali Lama, in his bright orange robes, radiating goodness and peace. â€" Dobidoo The Psychology of Colors

The Female Role in William Faulkners “A Rose for Emily,”...

Reading literature, at first, might seem like simple stories. However, in works like William Faulkners â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Katherine Mansfields â€Å"Miss Brill,† and Kate Chopins â€Å"The Storm,† the female protagonists are examples of how society has oppressive expectations of them simply because of their gender. Curry believes that Faulkner displays the story of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† through scenes of gender differences. The beginning of the story shows the motivational split between men and women. At Emilys funeral, men attend to show respect, but the women simply want to view the inside of her home. Although Faulkner has left the gender of the narrator a mystery, many postmodern critics have tried to solve the mystery. Without a specific gender narrator, the eye of the story is open to both male and female interpretations. Faulkner still draws a line between male and female, specifically by women initiating concern (smell coming from Emilys ho use) but the concern is only taken seriously once a man expresses concern. Also, Emily is able to purchase arsenic illegally from a male cashier. Faulkners idea of ladies (lady) are allowed to act in certain ways (murder) without consequence because any objection would undermine the entire meaning of being a lady; ladies are never meant to be anything but ladies. Ultimately, that is how Emily got away with murder. While reading â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† my first thoughts were not any of gender roles. After reading Currys essay, I see aShow MoreRelatedThe Female Role in A Rose for Emily, Miss Brill, and The Storm1160 Words   |  5 PagesReading literature, at first, might seem like simple stories. However, in works like William Faulkners â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Katherine Mansfields â€Å"Miss Brill,† and Kate Chopins â€Å"The Storm,† the female protagonists are examples of how society has oppressive expectations of women simply because of their gender. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† by William Faulkner, the story starts out with a distinctive split between the motivations of men and women: â€Å"The men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen

Definition of Enediol in Chemistry

An enediol is an alkene  enol with a hydroxyl group attached to both carbon atoms of the carbon double bond.   An example: Catechol is an enediol. Two of the hydroxyl groups are attached to one of the carbon double bonds in the benzene  ring.

Role of Youths in Nation Building Free Essays

â€Å"Youth is that spark which needs no ignition†. Youth is that clay which can be molded in either shape one wants. This is the sole reason for both exploitation and utilization of youth in the destruction and construction of any nation respectively. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Youths in Nation Building or any similar topic only for you Order Now youth is not given a proper chance to prove their potentials in countries like ours, but,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The young†Ã‚  , according to Pearl S. Buck, (a Nobel Laureate in literature)  Ã¢â‚¬Å"do not know enough to be prudent, and therefore they attempt the impossible, and achieve it, generation after generation†. this single quotation of her is sufficient to motivate the whole nation? Or do we still need motivational quotes like the one above to recall our own potentials to attempt the impossible and achieve the success? It seems highly surprising that,  we, the youth fail to display the same enthusiasm in nation’s building which we often display for getting ahead in traffic? Have we really forgotten our responsibility towards our nation or that we are knowingly skipping the tasks to achieve development? It is observed that, the youth who always fight for enjoying their rights, never wish to take up the pains of responsibility. According to me, Indian youth is socially responsible and moreover is working complicatedly to see India attain the developed status. Many educated youth had already realized the necessity of utilizing their skills for the betterment of the society but at the same time, the youth is also misguided to a larger extent by some evil sources making them irresponsible towards the society they live in. It is pathetic but true that, due to many –a-problems that exists in today’s world, youth is highly attracted and/or fancied towards evil sources. As a result, a huge destruction is occurring all over. It is true that, youth is highly amendable, but one must show†¦ [continues] How to cite Role of Youths in Nation Building, Papers

Apples Software Quality Logical Observations

Question: Describe about the Apples Software Quality for Logical Observations. Answer: It has been said that perception is reality since what we perceive is what we then accept as reality and as fact. Do you think that this is the case with Great Wall Motors? Is the perception that some consumers have that the vehicles are of relatively low- quality accurate? Is it worsened by the asbestos situation? Explain your answer. Perception is what each of us have, in order to understand our environment. Our brain perceives things in a certain way and we tend to make logical observations to support our perception. When we are faced with a perception our brain then starts to infer information from our environment to support or distort our perception. We try to observe things in order to build our perception or debunk it. The perception that Great Wall Motors was indeed a good deal was wrong. The Great Wall Motors made headlines about its new offers with their introduction of Chery and the Great Wall series into the Australian market through Ateco. They were enjoying a high amount of recognition for its technology, safety and reliability of their new cars. The cars were sold on a period of 3 year and 100000 kilometre warranty. To get such an offer at an inexpensive price was indeed a Great option for the consumers. The Great Wall was among the 17 biggest sellers that sold over 6000 cars sold in the first eight months. No, Perception was not the reality in the case of Great Wall Motors who offered an attractive price at a low quality. People perceived the Great Wall Motors to be a good deal considering its high sales figures in the initial three quarter of the year. Yes, the cars indeed proved to be of low quality, as some consumers said, after the review posted by a man who reviewed motor vehicles. Goods made in China are generally believed to be of low quality. This perception that the cars were a great deal finally got destroyed when Toby Hagon published a review on the vehicle after he bought a Great Wall X240 and test drove the car off road, which it was mainly advertised for, and realised that the mechanical factors of the car were absolutely dangerous and unreliable. After their desert trip the dealer had to make a number of fixes which was fortunately under warranty. The engine which Hagon called anaemic was of extremely low quality which made going uphill very tedious and the engines low power required constant changing of gears. Hagons description about the failure of the car to meet basic requirements as an SUV came as a shock to most Australians who had invested into this low quality wheezy companion. The review takes us through Hagons tour through the desert ranges and the creek crossings and the difficulties he endured in making his way through the off roads of Australia. His review The situation was further worsened by the disc overy of the presence of asbestos in the engine and the exhaust system by Australias safety authorities who ordered a recall of 25000 vehicles from the Great Wall series (Hagon, 2012). Yes, the asbestos problem definitely further worsened the situation for Great Wall Motors. The history of the lethal impact of asbestos on human health was enough for Australians to completely stop the purchase of cars with asbestos components, since they were very sensitive to the topic. There was a general panic around the asbestos topic among Australians. James Hardie was the largest user of asbestos who was aware of its harmful impact as early as 1960, however did not stop the usage of it in his building materials until 1987. Finally, following a lot of proceedings against his company Jamss set up a trust called Medical Research and Compensation Foundation and funded it with $300 million for compensation claims that came from the workers. James initiative was a result of Bernie Bantons persistent campaign against his former employer, for the use of asbestos in their production. Importing goods that contained asbestos was against the Custom rules and regulations of Australia. Paul Bastian, a member of Australian Manufacturing Workers Union stated that if any officer of Ateco was caught in the breach of Australias regulations knowingly, they would face criminal prosecution. (King, 2015) Do you think the Ateco handled the asbestos problem appropriately? Provide support for your answers. No, Ateco did not respond to the asbestos problem appropriately. A higher standard was definitely expected of Ateco, who were the dealers of highly reputed brands such as Maserati and Lamborghini. Upon discovering the presence of asbestos in the engine components of Great Wall Motor cars, they did the right thing by contacting the supplier of China to change those parts on new productions before importing. Even though there were several meetings with their authorities to decide on the way forward with this new problem what they failed to do was to inform the public about this discovery, neither did they go for a swift recall. When Hagon asked Ateco a test car for the purpose of generating a review of their cars they declined as they were worried about unfavourable comparisons that would be made with more reputed cars that could affect the sale of the Great Wall vehicles which Ateco had already imported. Additionally, knowing how strict Australian laws were about asbestos use in the imports Ateco should have been more careful on the quality concerns. Furthermore, there was no mention of this issue on Atecos website or Great Wall Motors. However once there were critical investigations on the case, and when Bastian asked Ateco to recall 25000 Great Wall vehicles to repair and change the parts containing asbestos at the companys cost, Danielle Cotterill from Ateco Automotive did assure that the owners of the vehicles could return their cars to the dealers. They also said that the asbestos was bound to the gaskets in the engine and exhaust system and would not pose any risk to individuals health. They also said that they were not aware of the use of asbestos in the manufacturing of these cars and they could give that in writing. (Furgason, 2015) What other options could organisations take when faced with a major public relation problem such as the one which currently confronts Ateco and their Great Wall and Chery brands? When an organisation such as ATECO Automotive is faced with a problem like this, how they go about their process of resolution is extremely important which is a major criteria in maintaining their reputation. In order to maintain your brand image as well as assure the people that you are taking responsibility of the problem, it is important to first acknowledge that there has been negligence on the part of the organisation in maintaining quality standards. Observing certain options about how an organisation can handle such PR problems can serve as a precedent for future failures. The first thing that ATECO did was to address the issue with the manufacturer's. This step was in fact an integral part of the crisis management process. In their defence, ATECO knew that they had to give an explanation about their negligence about asbestos components in the car which sources stated that they were not aware of. The next step is to accept that there is a problem and that ATECO intends to deal with it and buy time from the people and Media, which ATECO failed to do. They waited till it was very late, to react. The news started to affect the Great Wall shares in the markets, they did not take any initiatives until the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union intervened. On completion of a thorough observation of the situation and its impact on the business, the company must then consider its further course of action. In Atecos case when they realised the damage they came out with an apology and ordered a thorough examination report on the car, its health hazards and safety aspects. It is then important that the Company accepts their failure and expresses their intention to correct the mistake to the people through their website, or blogs or through their public interactions. Ateco failed to do so in the course of the asbestos problem. It is also important to analyse the situation by studying the reaction of the people after their public declaration of the failure. It can take time before the situation can cool down and how the company acts during this time will majorly decide whether they will lose or win (Brown, 2015). Finally it is important for the Company to learn the lesson from a crisis and exercise caution in their future dealings. According to sources, Ateco has stopped importing vehicles from Great Wall Motors post the asbestos problem. However, they are still in negotiation with the Great Wall Motors for some kind of consensus. There are great ways and poor ways to handle PR crisis. Pepsis Syringe Cans Rumours in 1993 was aggressively countered by Pepsi team who created four videos of the canning process and CEO Craig Weatherup appeared across media channels to rubbish the news. Even though the news was a hoax, Pepsi built a strong defence against the rumour in order to assure the people of its safety aspects and to maintain brand image. These initiatives would ensure a smooth exit from the problems as well as maintain customer loyalty and company reputation. (Meltwater, 2013) Toyotas stereotype of providing a high quality vehicle was only slightly tarnished by a safety recall for their Hilux Ute in 2010. Are stereotypes always true? How can we manage in ways that lessen the negative impacts of the stereotypes that we hold of other individuals, groups, organisations or brands, especially if the stereotype has no real basis in reality? Toyota Motor Corporation had introduced four wheel drive petrol and turbo-diesel Hilux vehicles between January 2005 and February 2010. The vehicles faced some safety issues where the vehicle would rapidly accelerate or decelerate on rough roads of rural areas and the tailshaft support bracket was also flawed which could cause the tailshaft to fall off causing serious damage to passerby on the road. More than 100,000 UTES were recalled in Australia. Toyota which is worlds largest car manufacturer was faced with its first major recall (Hughes, 2015). No, in my opinion, stereotypes are not always true. Just because a company has a big name does not mean they cannot create poor quality goods or services. A marketing tactic is never good enough for one to believe in its veracity. Companies like Apple who is reportedly facing a software issue with the iOS and OS X series have proved that even the best companies can fail. A recent report on GM Motors also was an eye opener. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administrations company database was flooded with complaints pouring in about General Motors SUVs, Chevy, Tahoe, Suburban, GMC Yukon and Cadillac Escalade stating that it exhibited some unexplained buffeting and vibration. The GMC Yukon XL Denali seemed to be making a crackling sound even at the speed of 35 kmph. The car was constantly vibrating and the sensations got worse when the vehicle was changed to V4 mode (Elmer, 2015). General Motors has to its credit years of accolades and operates in over 37 countries under 12 brands, yet, such a huge company can fail stereotypes. It can disappoint people. In order to ensure that we dont get negatively influenced by these stereotypes it is important that we research and analyse the products in question before we make any purchases. We are blessed with the advantage of social media. Its influence is massive. One can find ample research report on various products, reviews and not to forget the power of Social media networking sites such as facebook where we have a huge friend circle who can help us in our dilemma to choose. Though there are paid reviews but it would be wise for a person looking to make a purchase to make an extensive research. The internet either has mixed reviews on products which may not have a drastic financial repercussion however if it is something like a car or an expensive phones, one would definitely find reviews if the product has safety concerns (Gover, 2010). References Hughes. A. K. 2015. Apple Has a Serious Problem with software Quality. [Available https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-has-a-serious-problem-with-software-quality/] [Accessed 26th September, 2016] Gover. P. 2010. Toyota HiLux Recall. [Available https://www.carsguide.com.au/car-news/toyota-hilux-recall-17746] [Accessed 26th September, 2016] Elmer. S. 2015. Theres a Big Issue with GMs SUVs and No One seems to Have a Solution. {Available https://www.autoguide.com/auto-news/2015/12/there-s-a-big-issue-with-gm-s-suvs-and-no-one-seems-to-have-a-solution.html] [Accessed 26th September, 2016] Brown. G. 2015. Crisis PR- Top 10 Best and Worst. {Available https://blog.rdpr.co.uk/the-best-and-worst-crisis-communications-case-studies] [Accessed 26th September, 2016] King. P. 2015. Is Perception, Reality? [Available https://www.quora.com/Is-perception-reality] [Accessed 26th September, 2016] Beissmann. T. 2015. Great Walls Australian future still up in the air as dispute continues. [Available https://www.caradvice.com.au/349441/great-walls-australian-future-still-up-in-the-air-as-dispute-continues/] [Accessed 26th September, 2016]

What Lurks behind the Other Side of the Coin Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hydes Story, Explored

Introduction A Gothic novel has been amply represented in literature and studied well enough, yet it is still unbelievably popular. Edgar Poe, Charlotte and Emily Bronte, Bram Stocker, Daphne du Maurier, Mary Shelly, Oscar Wilde and many other writers became famous owing to the Gothic universes that they created.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Lurks behind the Other Side of the Coin: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’s Story, Explored specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Evolving with every new story and character created, the Gothic genre in general and some of its most prominent authors in particular definitely deserve being considered a bit closer, and Robert Stevenson with his Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is one of such authors. Thesis Statement Despite the fact that some elements of Robert Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde do not align with the traditional Gothic novel genr e, Stevenson’s story still should be defined as Gothic, since it not only creates a compelling Gothic character with a classic story arc, but also develops the character, therefore, contributing to the evolution of the Gothic novel genre. Gothic Novel and Its Key Features With a relatively long history and quite a solid heritage, Gothic literature has a number of features that have become the staple of the genre and can be seen as the defining characteristics of the genre. Among the most frequently used ones, such themes as the description of the fallen world and elements of the supernatural should be mentioned (Throwbridge 27) A Gothic character has also quite a number of features attributed to him/her; acquired in the course of Gothic novel evolution, these character traits define a Gothic hero and at the same time set limitations for the character’s growth. As a rule, a Gothic character develops such traits as emotionality and impulsivity, and often has a dark back story (Throwbridge 25). Also rendering the issue of the fallen world and the supernatural elements within the realm of the ordinary, the plot of a Gothic novel is traditionally composed of mystery, elements of fear or terror and events leading to the character’s moral demise (Throwbridge 45). The elements of the supernatural are evident in a number of Gothic novels. For instance, in Wuthering Heights, Bronte mentions moonlight several times as an element of mystery and describes a moonless night to create the atmosphere of suspense and threat: â€Å"There was no moon, and everything beneath lay in misty darkness† (Bronte 121).Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The idea of the world demise is also translated into the setting, in which events traditionally take place in Gothic novels. According to the principles if Gothic storytelling, the key events are supposed to take place in a castle, old mansion or in a gloomy background, during fog, rain or cloudiness (Throwbridge 15). Elements of Gothic settings can be traced in The Namesake, though, technically the novel is defined as a bildungsroman. For instance, Gothic architecture is briefly mentioned in the novel: â€Å"he has fallen in love with the Gothic architecture of the campus† (Lahiri 108). Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: Analysis It would be wrong to claim that the story of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde fits the traditional concept of a Gothic narration impeccably; however, the question is whether the alterations made to the genre actually work for the benefit of the story or not. As far as the use of clichà ©s goes, it seems that the lack of the traditional, well trodden tropes that seemed to have worn out their welcome well before the story was written makes the novel all the more thrilling. The lack of traditional lackluster elements that do not move the story forward and only serve to make the author look lazy clearly makes Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde unique in its own way. First, the fact that the novel is set in London, and, more importantly, on one of its busiest streets – at least, in the major part of the narration – sets the novel apart from a range of other Gothic stories. True, Stevenson does render the concept of decay and deterioration at some point when describing Mr. Hyde’s dwelling; however, the majority of the events depicted in the novel do not take place in the London suburbs. Even the lead, though definitely rubbing elbows with a number of traditional Gothic character archetypes, still differs from a common Gothic interpretation of a protagonist. While in the tradition of a Gothic novel, the leading character is supposed to succumb to temptation of the antagonist, in Stevenson’s novel, Dr. Jekyll is his own worst enemy. Thus, Stevenson diverges from the traditional method of building a Gothic character and, instead, explor es the phenomenon of the latter by looking at his flaws. There is no obvious â€Å"bad guy† in Stevenson’s novel, and the lead is clearly no victim of an evil villain; instead, Dr. Jekyll falls prey to his own psychotic mind: â€Å"If I am the chief of sinners, I am the chief of sufferers also† (Stevenson para. 45).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Lurks behind the Other Side of the Coin: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’s Story, Explored specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although the story is narrated not by the twofaced monster himself, but by his friend, the new angle of viewing the character still enables the reader to consider the situation from Jekyll/Hyde’s perspective and embrace the horror that the character feels: â€Å"[†¦] man is not truly one, but truly two† (Stevenson para. 83). The last and definitely the most important change that Stevenson makes to the tr adition of a Gothic story is the choice to abstain from using the elements of the supernatural in the novel. However, Stevenson does not carve the given element out of the story completely; instead, he replaces it with the mystery of science. Indeed, when taking a closer look at the change that happens to Dr. Jekyll as he drinks the serum, one will find out quickly that the scene of transformation has a lot in common with the werewolf related folklore and has, in fact, little to do with actual biological processes: the â€Å"virtue of transcendental medicine† (Stevenson para. 80), therefore, is miles away from being an accurate description of biological and chemical processes in a human body. Nevertheless, Stevenson defies the concept of the supernatural and decides to switch it with what can technically be defined as science fiction. Hence, Stevenson practically heralds that the time for science to replace magic has come. Conclusion Although traditionally considered a Gothic story, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde creates unique character elements and neglects a number of typical Gothic story elements. The few clichà ©s that are left to identify the story with Gothic novels, however, serve their purpose well by informing the character, defining the story, outlining the key themes and creating a very specific and rather dark mood. For instance, the â€Å"shadow of the fallen world† (Throwbridge 87), though conveyed in a very subtle way, can be easily traced in the transformation of the lead character. The â€Å"strong feeling of deformity† (Stevenson para. 9) that the character gave Mr. Utterson can be applied to the general impression of an average citizen when taking a closer look at the things that are basically wrong with society. A novel that revolutionized Gothic literature by introducing a different character and shifting the emphasis from the collapse of the world to personal regress, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde deserves to be ranked among the best Gothic novels ever created.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Bronte, Emily. Wuthering Heights. 1846. Web. http://www.literaturepage.com/read/wutheringheights.html. Lahiri, Jhumpa. The Namesake. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2003. Print. Stevenson, Robert Louis. â€Å"Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.† Project Gutenberg. 18 Dec. 2011. Web. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42?msg=welcome_stranger. Throwbridge, Serena. Christina Rossetti’s Gothic. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013. Print. This essay on What Lurks behind the Other Side of the Coin: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’s Story, Explored was written and submitted by user Fernando Zamora to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Great Gatsby Essay Example

The Great Gatsby Essay Example The Great Gatsby Essay The Great Gatsby Essay Essay Topic: The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby Is the story of Jay Gatsby narrated by Nick Caraway, the neighbor. The story shows deferent themes throughout the movie Like greed, power betrayal and Justice. It also shows a vivid peek of the American life In the sass. The lives of the characters revolve around the mysterious Gatsby which give the story an unexpected outcome. The only thing known at the beginner of the film about the mysterious Gatsby was that he had an extraordinary gift for hope. The hope being related to love, Just like a lot of other films it was intriguing to see how it involved the rest of the characters. Gatsby believed that if he was able to obtain what he wanted so badly, he would live happily ever after. Having the power would help him achieve such thing, with the surprisingly help of guy named Nick Caraway. He happened to be Gatsby neighbor and just like many people in the city of New York he was curious to see the great and famous Gatsby. Nick had moved to New York City to learn the bond business. Honest, reserve and willing to listen to whoever needed It. Having his house next to the enormous mansion of Gatsby made him wonder, what he was like, what he did and why so much extravagant parties. Surprisingly he received an Invitation to a Gatsby party where their friendship started and he happened to be the best helper to keep that gift of hope in order to reach his goal. The goal had a name Daisy Buchanan who was Nicks cousin. The work contains innumerous references to the fast-paced immoral lifestyles that the population were leading during the period the novel was set, the roaring 20s. The book also shows us a view on the American Society of the time. It shows us the failure of the American dream. The idea that American political idealisms strove to allow equality between everyone is crushed, the truth was actually a lot different. Social and ethnic discrimination was widespread and divisions between the classes were evident. Fitzgerald comments on the morality of the period in the characters within the story. He shows us characters from both sides of the social divide. In Myrtle, he portrays a woman, trapped in the valley of the ashes (Pg 29), which is socially nowhere. Although she is married to George, a hard-working man who desperately wants to be closer to his wife, she completely forgets her moral obligation to her him and enters into an affair with Tom Buchanan, in an attempt to break free from her social class. In this futile attempt to better herself socially, she only ends up becoming vulgar and corrupt, inheriting the immoral traits of Tom. As a result, she starts to shun members of her own society and belittles them, in doing so she loses all sense of self-respect. This is evident at the party in chapter two. The living room was crowded to the doors with a set of tapestried furniture entirely too large for it, so that to move about was to stumble continually over scenes of ladies swinging in the garden of Versailles. (Pg 35) Here we are shown that although Myrtles apartment is clearly small her choice of furniture to occupy it is opulent and clearly over done. At the party Myrtle changes her attire, and as a result her character changes, with the influence of the dress, her personality had also undergone a change. (Pg 36) When Mrs. McKee compliments her on the dress, her response is disdainful and belittling. She says Its just a crazy old thing (Pg 37), I just slip it on when I dont care what I look like (Pg 37),. Here we can see how Myrtle is offhanded with Mrs. McKee. Myrtle also makes clear her greed when she announces a fanciful shopping list, she is apparently incapable of having real feelings of her own, so she relies on things to express emotion. It is clear that Myrtles attempts to climb the social ladder and become a member of the Buchanans class will never be accepted, they will evidently will never let her in, but she is too blinkered by her ambitions to live a glamorous glitzy lifestyle to realise. Another reflection on the immoralities of the period is how Gatsby makes his money. We discover that, through his dealings with Dan Cody, he has made his fortune by illegal sale of alcohol. As Gatsbys wealth grew he moved to New York. His house is located in West Egg. The house is described as a rather artificial place, it was a factual imitation of some Hotel De Ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new under a thin beard of raw ivy, and a marble swimming pool Pg 11. Here we see how wealth is used to provide an artificial fai ade to Gatsbys life.

Long-term Condition Dementia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Long-term Condition Dementia - Essay Example the paper will then attempt to give suggestions and propose a way that is to be employed for her care, also discussing how similar cases are to be handled. To begin with, the scenario of the patient is elaborated along with a brief overview of her condition. Sara had been a teacher for the most part of her life. Having invested around 25 years of her life in this profession, she had established herself well in the field and had eventually been promoted to the position of the Vice Principle in a school. She has lived with her husband, and has two married daughters. Despite being quite capable in her line of work, Sara, now 64 years of age, had to take an early retirement because of her declining health. Sara had started suffering from memory loss some ten years back but initially it was merely thought of as a reaction to her early retirement in terms of de-motivation. She had been living with one of her daughters up till recently but had to be admitted to the hospital when her condi tion started taking a serious turn towards dementia. Dementia is the condition that is particularly difficult to deal with as it affects all spheres of a patient’s life. It is however, particularly difficult for patients, such as Sara, who are at the initial stages of dementia and are aware of their declining health and deteriorating functionality. The patient with this disease was particularly chosen by the writer because of the critical role that her profession plays in the everyday routine of the patients’ life. It is not an illness that can be checked and treated only once in a while but is in fact a sickness that requires constant monitoring on part of the caregivers for the patients. These patients not only require assistance in getting through the day but are also in great need... The intention of this study is dementia as the condition that is particularly difficult to deal with as it affects all spheres of a patient’s life. It is however, particularly difficult for patients, such as Sara, who are at the initial stages of dementia and are aware of their declining health and deteriorating functionality. The patient with this disease was particularly chosen by the writer because of the critical role that her profession plays in the everyday routine of the patients’ life. It is not an illness that can be checked and treated only once in a while but is in fact a sickness that requires constant monitoring on part of the caregivers for the patients. These patients not only require assistance in getting through the day but are also in great need of moral support to ease all the confusion and the eventual aggression that comes with this disease. Sara had been admitted on ward under the care of doctors because she had not been normal for some time. She s eemed confused most of the times and didn’t know where she was and why she was there. Though she did remember and recognized her immediate family and friends and also remembered the events taken place years ago, but she would often forget what she was doing at a particular time in the immediate setting. Sometimes she would find it difficult to retain something that happened minutes earlier. There were times when she would become disoriented to time and place and would wander off around the hospital.

Ethical Behavior of Business Students at Rocky University Essay

Ethical Behavior of Business Students at Rocky University - Essay Example This, in turn has raised a critical concern, as the number of students graduating from the university will not acquire the required and appropriate expertise along with knowledge (Prenshaw & et al., 2001). Rocky University had been facing problems related to cheating activities due to which the Dean took the initiative of resolving this issue through conducting a survey. The Dean strongly believed that by conducting this survey, the existing ethical behavior of the business students belonging to the university could be evaluated. For this survey, 90 business students were selected from Rocky University so as to determine the proportion of students who were engaged in cheating while pursuing their degree course. From the survey conducted, it could be revealed that a total of 71 male students were engaged in cheating activity, while a total of 58 female students were involved in the same. The cheating activity mainly includes the practices of copying from internet photocopying others during exams and collaborating on the projects that had been already allocated to the students individually. This can be better understood with the help of the following tabular representation. From the above table, it can be identified that out of 90 business students surveyed in the university, 34 students have been engaged in practices of copying from the internet. Amongst these 34 students, it could be revealed that 18 male students were engaged in the practices of copying from internet and the remaining 16 female students had undertaken the similar practice. This provides an idea that the proportion of male students copying from the internet is more as compared to female students. As per the above depicted table, it can also be apparently observed that out of 90 students, a total of 46 students had copied in their exam, out of which 26 and 20 students were

Performance of Raspberry-Like Gold Nanoparticles (Au RLNPs)

Performance of Raspberry-Like Gold Nanoparticles (Au RLNPs) Improvement of Stability and Catalytic Performance of Raspberry-Like Gold Nanoparticles by Silica Coating High Catalytic Performance of Raspberry-Like Gold Nanoparticles (Au RLNPs) and Enhancement of Stability by Silica Coating Kiouk Seo, Hien Mai Duy and Hyojong Yoo* Abstract. The raspberry-like gold nanoparticles (Au RLNPs) synthesized through the reduction of HAuCl4 by the use of NaOH and Brij35 surfactant show high catalytic activities in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and ethanol electrooxidation. The enhanced catalytic activities of Au RLNPs are mainly due to their high surface area. However, Au RLNPs easily change to the spherical or aggregated nanoparticles in a treatment with acids, thiols, and cationic surfactants (ex, CTAB)), and are difficult to sustain the catalytic activities. To improve the stability and applicability, Au RLNPs core–silica shell nanoparticles (Au [emailprotected]2 NPs) were successfully synthesized in solution without losing their original morphologies through a simple solution-phase sol-gel process with the assistance of surface-stabilizing polymeric agent (Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)). In comparison with Au RLNPs and other Au nanoparticles, Au [emailprotected]2 NPs could be more easily recovered and recycled in the repeated catalytic reactions. Keywords Raspberry-like gold nanoparticles (Au RLNPs), Silica coating, Catalytic reduction, Ethanol electrooxidation, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) 1. INTRODUCTION Noble metals have gained much attention over the past two decades due to their potentials in a wide variety of applications including energy conversion[1][2], chemical and biological sensing[3], and bioengineering[4]. Tremendous research efforts have been devoted towards the exploration of how to design nanomaterials with varied topographies that has led to the discovery of their fundamental size-, shape-, and component-dependent properties and the development of new applications[5][6][7]. Moreover, it has theoretically and experimentally found that arrays of asymmetric surface features, particularly deviations from spherical geometry, mainly impart unique anisotropy in material properties7. Apparently, to achieve such desired anisotropic topographies strict control is required. Conversely, this leads to a generation of particles with novel properties from the same materials by simply tuning the particle morphology. Furthermore, anisotropic geometry offers numerous unique features an d functionalities that are either difficult to obtain or even hardly obtained by simple size-tuning in spherical counterparts. Morphology of nanoparticles also strongly affects the catalytic performance. This is due to the surface anisotropy possessing a high density of low-coordinated atoms such as steps, edges, and defects serving as catalytically active sites which can markedly affect chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles[8]. Among those colloidal gold (Au) nanoparticles exhibit not only highly tunable architecture-dependent optical properties but also show excellent performance and high selectivity in a variety of heterogeneous green catalytic processes [ref][9][10]. For a better stability, catalytic performance, and reusability of Au nanoparticles, engineering new nanocatalyst system is thus considered one of the most critical tasks. Recently, in our group, we successfully synthesized raspberry-like gold nanoparticles (Au RLNPs) with rich edges and high surface areas through the reduction of HAuCl4 by Brij35 surfactant under basic condition in a controllable fashion [ref]. The synthesized Au RLNPs possess high surface areas and show the unique, highly-red shifted surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) due to the rough, raspberry-like surface of Au RLNPs. These structures also have high surface energies due to their plenty of tips and edges. These nanoparticles are stable and retain their raspberry-like geome try in basic or neutral conditions; however gradually reshape to the spherical geometry under a specific circumstance such as acidic condition. In order to exploit the unique shape-dependent properties of the Au RLNPs in a variety of catalytic applications, further modifications of nanoparticles such as endowing core-shell structure are thus required. Metallic nanostrutures of several different shapes have been coated with silica since the silica shells used as the coating material show substantial enhancement in the stability of the metal cores, particularly in aqueous solvents. Moreover, metallic nanostructured surface can readily functionalized by subsequently coating with silica and using silane-coupling reactions [ref]. Additionally, silica shells are chemically inert, transparent in the visible and IR regions of the spectrum, and readily converted to mesoporous layer [11]. For the direct encapsulation of Au nanoparticles within silica shells, the conventional techniques is employing coupling agents with silane group for the growth of silica shells on the surfaces of as-synthesized Au nanoparticles via the Stà ¶ber method [ref]. However, we experimentally found that directly applying this method to coat Au RLNPs brought challenges since the unusual size changes of Au RLNPs without disturbing the rough surface occurred. Herein, we report the synthesis of Au [emailprotected]2 NPs in solution through a simple solution-phase sol-gel process. To protect the high-energy surface of Au RLNPs, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used prior to the condensation of TEOS as a polymeric stabilizer. Au [emailprotected]2 NPs showed great enhancement in stability under the strongly acidic condition. The catalytic performance, recovery, and reusability of both Au [emailprotected]2 NPs and Au RLNPs were investigated using the reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) as a reaction model. We also found that and Au RLNPs were capable of electrocatalyzing alcohol oxidation reactions in alkaline media. 2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 2.1. Reagents Polyoxyethylene glycol dodecyl ether ((C2H4O)23C12H25OH, Brij35, Acros Organics), hydrogen tetrachloroauratetrihydrate (HAuCl4†¢3H2O, 99.9%, Sigma–Aldrich), polyvinylpyrolidone ((C6H9NO)n, PVP10, average mol wt 10,000, Sigma–Aldrich), 4-nitrophenol (O2NC6H4OH, 99%, Sigma–Aldrich), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 97%, Sigma–Aldrich), ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, 28-30 wt % ammonia, Sigma–Aldrich), tetraethyl orthosilicate (Si(OC2H5)4 98%, Sigma–Aldrich), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide ((C16H33)N(CH3)3Br, 99%, Acros Organics), (3-mercaptopropyl)methyldimethoxysilane (CH3Si(OCH3)2CH2CH2CH2SH, 95%, Alfa Aesor), HCl, HNO3, and ethyl alcohol were used as received. All stock solutions were freshly prepared before each reaction. Prior to use, all glassware was washed with Aqua Regia (volume ration of 3:1 of concentrated HCl and HNO3; Caution: Aqua Regia is highly toxic and corrosive and must be handled in fume hoods with proper personal protection equ ipment) and rinsed thoroughly with deionized water. 2.2. Synthesis of raspberry-like gold nanoparticles (Au RLNPs) Au RLNPs with the mean size of approximately 60-70 nm were prepared according to our previous literature [ref]. Briefly, an aqueous Brij35 solution (1 mL; 19.3 wt%) was well mixed with NaOH (aq) (100  µL; 100mM) by shaking for 30 seconds. To this mixture, HAuCl4 (aq) (50  µL; 10 mM) was added, and shaken vigorously for 1 minute. The pale yellow reaction mixture then turned to blue within 5 minutes at room temperature. To make sure a complete reaction, this mixture was allowed to react for over 20 minutes before being collected by centrifugation (5 min; 13500 rpm), and redispersed in deionized water. 2.3. Synthesis of Au RLNPs@SiO2 NPs The preparation of Au [emailprotected]2 NPs was as follows: firstly, the as-synthesized Au RLNPs were dispersed in 1 mL of deionized water. Next, 0.235 mL polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP10) aqueous solution (128 mg of PVP10 in 10 mL of deionized water) was added to the Au RLNPs solution. The resulting mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 12 hours to ensure complete adsorption of PVP on Au RLNPs. Afterward, the PVP-capped RLNPs were purified by centrifugation (5 min; 13500 rpm), and redispersed in solvent mixture containing 1 mL deionized water and 7 mL ethyl alcohol. In the next step, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, 0.03 mL) and ammonium hydroxide (0.2 mL of 14.8 M NH4OH (aq.)) were sequentially added to the PVP-capped Au RLNPs aqueous solution and the reaction mixture was further stirred at room temperature for 4 h. After the completion of the reaction, the resultant Au [emailprotected]2 NPs were centrifuged, and purified by repeatedly washing in ethanol and centrifugation. 2.4. Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol The catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) over nanoparticles in the presence of NaBH4 was carried out to assess the catalytic activity. In a typical experiment, 2 mL of deionized water, 1.7 mL of 0.2 mM 4-NP, and 1 mL of 15 mM NaBH4 solutions were mixed in a quartz cuvette followed by the addition of 1 mL of Au [emailprotected]2 NPs solution. The color of solution changed gradually from yellowish to clear as the reaction proceeded. UV-Vis spectra were recorded at a 5-minute intervals to monitor the progress of the reaction. 2.5. Ethanol electrocatalytic oxidation All electrochemical measurements were carried out in a conventional three-electrode cell at ambient temperature (~25ËÅ ¡C) using WPG 100e Potentiostat (WonAtech Inc.). The fabrication of working electrode is as follow: Prior to electrochemical experiments, glassy carbon (GC) electrode was sonicated in ethanol and deionized water successively. 10  µL of RLNP suspension was dropped onto carbon disk and the solution is dried at room temperature. Platinum and Ag/AgCl were employed as counter and reference electrodes, respectively. With an aqueous mixture of 0.5 M KOH and 1.0 M ethanol as electrolytes, at least 10 cycles of cyclic voltammetry were carried out before recyclable voltammograms were recorded. Throughout the cyclic voltammetry experiments, the potential window was between -0.2 V and 0.8 V. Prior to experiments, the electrolytes were degased by bubbling with nitrogen for 30 min. 2.6. Characterization The nanoparticles were imaged using a Hitachi S-4800 scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a JEOL JEM-2010 Luminography (Fuji FDL-5000) Ultramicrotome (CRX) transmission electron microscope (TEM). Samples were prepared for TEM by concentrating the nanoparticle mixture by centrifuging twice for 5 min at 13500 rpm with resuspension in 100 ÃŽ ¼L nanopure water and immobilizing 10 ÃŽ ¼L portions of the solution on Formvar-coated Cu grids. Extinction spectra were recorded with a UV-vis spectra spectrometer (UVIKON XS). Solution pH was measured using an Orion 420 A+ pH meter. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Initially, the highly monodisperse Au RLNPs with controlled diameters ranging from 60 to 70 nm (Fig. 1a and S1) [Images and size distribution of RLNP] were prepared according to protocols developed previously.ref Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was then employed as a primer and a direct growth of silica onto the PVP-capped Au RLNPs to obtain Au [emailprotected]2 NPs was carried out using solution-phase sol-gel method with TEOS as a precursor. PVP, which have been often used as a surface-stabilizing polymeric agent to prepare spherical Au core – SiO2 shell nanoparticles,ref was used to protect the high-energy surface of Au RLNPs. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of Au [emailprotected]2 NPs (Fig. 1b-d) show the well-established core-shell structure in which the as-synthesized Au RLNPs were uniformly and individually encompassed within silica shells whereas still sustaining their rough and edge-rich surfaces advantageous to catal ytic performance. The average diameter of individual Au [emailprotected]2 NPs was xxxxx (xxx particles was evaluated, Fig 1e). With respect to RLNPs cores, the average size was nearly similar to that of RLNPs before silica-coated (Fig S1). The UV-Vis spectra plotted in Fig. 1f, a noticeable broadeness in the corresponding surface plasmon bands in Au [emailprotected]2 NPs compared to that of Au RLNP were observed. It is well know that the weaker and broader surface plasmons are observed,, due to the change of refractive index of surrounding environment after silica coating step[b1].ref [Fig 1] High catalytic efficiency of Au nanocatalysts were mainly due to their high roughness and plethora of edge-rich surfaces and corners.ref Thus it necessitates assessing whether catalytically active surfaces of the synthesized nanoparticles are stable in various environments. HCl, CTAB, and MPTS were introduced into the colloidal solution of the as-synthesized RLNPs in order to understand the stability of Au RLNPs in different ambiences. Fig. 2 shows typical SEM images displaying changes in geometries of Au RLNPs as adding diverse reagents. It is experimentally observed that Au RLNPs collectively changed to spherical nanoparticles with the smooth surface as adding HCl (Fig S2)ref corresponding to a blue-shift in UV-Vis spectrum toward approx. 520 nm which can be assigned to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of gold nanospheres. This phenomenon could be attributed to the oxidative etching effect which has been employed to control the size of other noble nanostructures in recent papers [12] [13] [14]. Meanwhile, as shown in Fig. 2a, much agglomeration occurred as adding CTAB. However, it is interesting to note that the aggregation also occurred without disturbing their raspberry-like motifs, as adding MPTS (Fig. 2b). The SPR changes shown in UV-Vis spectra (Fig. 2e) further confirmed this aggregation. The introduction of such reagents, which might affect the hydrodynamic layer thickness of Au RLNPs, accounts for this unusual alteration in particles size. The [emailprotected]2 NPs however exhibited no geometrical change when HCl was added. As shown in Fig. 3a, SEM images show that the [emailprotected]2 NPs still retained their original raspberry-like morphology without any observable agglomeration. This observation is also consistent with results obtained from UV-Vis spectra (Fig. 3b) that there was no detectable shift in SPR peak of the core-shell nanoparticles after HCl had been added. Ethanol comprises a lower toxicity, a higher theoretical energy density (8.01 kW.h kg-1) than methanol (6.09 kW.h kg-1) and formic acid (1.74 kW.h kg-1), and fewest environmental issues[15] [16]. Moreover, ethanol is a renewable source that can be easily produced massively from the chemical industry or fermentation of biomass. In this study, electrooxidation of ethanol [HM2]in KOH solution was performed to probe relative electrocatalytic activities of the synthesized nanoparticles. Fig. 4 shows the cyclic voltammograms of RLNPs, HCl-etched RLNPs[HM3], and [emailprotected]2 NPs for ethanol electrooxidation. It is clear that the RLNPs exhibit almost substantially higher electrocatalytic performance with a forward oxidation current (iF) value of 0.56 mA compared to that for HCl-etched RLNPs (iF, 0.07 mA). The high electrocatalytic activity of the RLNPs is attributed to the existence of high energetic surfaces in raspberry-like morphologies. However, [emailprotected]2 NPs did not show an y electrocatalytic activities over the entire potential window. This is explained that silica shells hindered the electron transfer between gold cores and electrode due to silica shells are insulating. The catalytic reduction of 4-NP to their corresponding derivatives, 4-aminophenol, in the presence of NaBH4 was chosen as a model reaction in order to evaluate the catalytic activity of Au [emailprotected]2 NPs. It is well established that the reduction of 4-NP by NaBH4 is thermodynamically feasible but kinetically restricted without a catalyst. The reduction progress was monitored by UV-Vis absorption spectra after the addition of catalysts. The characteristic absorption peak of 4-NP aqueous solution was located at 400 nm after NaBH4 had been added. First of all, in the absence of catalysts the reduction reaction of 4-NP did not proceed even with a large excess of NaBH4. However, when catalysts were introduced, the reduction of 4-NP was clearly observed. The absorbance of the reaction mixture at 400 nm gradually decreased as the reaction proceeded, along with the concomitant increase of 300 nm peak, corresponding to 4-aminophenol. Fig. 4 illustrates the UV-Vis spectra changes of 4-N P as a function of reaction time in the presence of Au RLNPs (Fig. 4a) and Au [emailprotected]2 NPs (Fig. 4c). Fig. 4e shows the change in concentration of 4-NP was plotted versus time, providing a general view to compare catalytic activities of Au RLNPs and Au [emailprotected] ­2 NPs (Ct: absorbance of 4-NP at specific reaction time, t; C0: initial absorbance of 4-NP as catalysis starts). The Ct/C0 is measured from the relative intensity of absorbance (At/A0). As can be seen, Au RLNPs exhibited comparatively higher catalytic activity than their core-shell counterparts, possibly owning to silica shell hindering the diffusion of reactants onto inner gold active sites. Interestingly, in the presence of HCl, the catalytic activity of Au [emailprotected]2 NPs however was not only improved, but also dramatically higher than that of Au RLNPs which was suffering from the morphological change, leading to severe degradation of active sites (Fig. 4e). In addition, we also investigated the d egree of reusability of the two catalysts. As shown in Fig. 5, the catalytic efficiencies of Au RLNPs decreased remarkably after reused 3 times whilst Au [emailprotected]2 still retained good catalytic performance for as far as 7 cycles. It is apparent that the stability and reusability of Au RLNPs were improved significantly after encapsulated into silica shell, resulting in maintenance in their catalytic activity. 4. CONCLUSIONS Acknowledgments: This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2011-0008968). This research was also supported by Hallym University Research Fund 2012 (HRF-G-2012-3) References and Notes 1 [1] Linic, S.; Christopher, P.; Ingram, D. B. Nat. Mater. 2011, 10, 911. [2] Jiang, R.; Li, B.; Fang, C.; Wang, J. Adv. Mater. 2014, DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400203. [3] Zhang, Y.; Guo, Y.; Xianyu, Y.; Chen, W.; Zhao, Y.; Jiang, X. Adv. Mater. 2013, 15, 3802. [4] Tokel, O.; Inci, F.; Demirci, U. Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 5728. [5] Tawfick, S.; Volder, M. D.; Copic, D.; Park, S. J.; Oliver, R.; Polsen, E. S.; Roberts, M. J.; Hart, A. J. Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 1628. [6] Jones, M. R.; Osberg, K. D.; Macfarlane, R. J.; Langille, M. R.; Mirkin, C. A. Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 3736. [7] Sau, T. K.; Rogach, A. L. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 1781. [8] Quan, Z.; Wang, Y.; Fang, J. Acc. Chem. Res. 2013, 46, 191. [9] Zhang, Y.; Xiao, Q.; Bao Y.; Zhang, Y.; Bottle, S.; Sarina, S.; Zhaorigetu, B.; Zhu, H. J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 19062. [10] Liu, X.; He, L.; Liu, Y.-M.; Cao, Y. Acc. Chem. Res. 2014, 47, 793. [11] Park, J.; Yoo, H. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2014, 185, 107. [12] Li, B.; Long, R., Zhong, X.; Bai, Y; Zhu, Z.; Zhang, X.; Zhi, M.; He, J.; Wang, C.; Li, Z.-Y.; Xiong, Y. Small 2012, 8, 1710. [13] Liu, M.; Zheng, Y.; Zhang, L.; Guo, L.; Xia, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 11752. [14] Chiu, C.-Y.; Yang, M.-Y.; Lin, F.-C.; Huang, J.-S.; Huang, M. H. Nanoscale 2014, 6, 7656. [15] Hong, W.; Wang, J.; Wang, E. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 9481. [16] Antolini, E.; Gonzalez, E. R. J. Power Sources 2010, 195, 3431. [b1]When gold NPs’ re encapsulated within silica, there’s generally red-shift in the absorbant peak of SPR. Please check this data once again. [HM2]In Fig. 4, I think it better to insert the 2 images of RLNP and Hcl-etched RLNPs to say that the latter surface is not as edge-rich as the former. [HM3]Considering how to name RLNPs whose morphology was change to sphere as adding HCl

Early Language and Development Essay

Language is a complex and abstract endeavor, wonderfully creative at the same time governed by a multitude of rules. Before the age of 1 year, babies communicate with intent, primarily through the use of body orientation, facial expressions, gestures, and nonsymbolic vocalizations that mimic the intonations of their native language. At the end of the first year, however, many babies are beginning to use word approximations, consistent combinations of sounds as a transition to language, a symbolic system of communication. During the toddler years, language development is focused on semantics, or the meaning of words, and on syntax the rules of grammar for the language. (Slentz, et al. , 2001) Early language developments are crucial stage to one’s life. Baby’s language are through actions, and it could mean various meaning. Babies can’t speak yet, but they have their own ways to let us know how they feel. From the beginning, a mother and baby can be seen attuning to each other. They copy each other’s movements and expressions with mutual relaxed smiles, and later with laughing delight. (Clulow, et al. , 1993) Attunement is an essential factor for speech and language in general. According to John Bowlby (1980) early month – infant bonding and attachment are crucial to early language and development, thus it should be given importance by the mother to her baby as soon the baby was born. It is also noted that our feelings are easier to convey or communicated with infants. For an instance, baby cries when he hears another baby crying or when a mother the mother is angry while holding the baby, the baby becomes fussy. (Klein, 1987) Moreover, at an early stage, the mother’s speech affirms and responds to the infant’s eagerness to become involved in â€Å"proto-conversation†, a non – verbal form of discourse. Speech engages attention, communicates feelings, and facilitates social interaction as well as facilitating language acquisition. (Clulow, et al. , 1993) If a mother cannot attune to her baby’s rhythm then, as a result the baby will become distressed. This in turn stresses his mother, usually upsetting more, so that a vicious circle is likely. From birth onwards, children can be regarded as active participants in interaction. As for intentionality, young children develop along a continuum, in which they gradually learn to use more sophisticated and conventional means to communicate and also demonstrate increasing competence in intentionally conveying meanings to their interactive partners. The most common communicative functions of early intentional communicative acts have been found to be requests for objects/actions and comments on objects/actions (Paavola et al. ,2005) A mother’s ability to monitor her child’s visual attention and exhibition of a vocal or an exploratory act and then to respond promptly, contingently and appropriately is usually referred to as responsiveness. There is a lot of evidence for the supporting role of maternal responsiveness in child language development However; the efficacy of maternal responsiveness may not be global. Instead, it has been suggested that certain aspects of responsiveness are more predictive than others to particular language outcomes in the child. Furthermore, it is possible that children differ in their needs to be guided and supported by their mothers, which leads to differences in maternal role in early interactions (Paavola et al. , 2005) According to Harris (1992) the relationship between the cognitive/perceptual processes involved in development and the child’s linguistic experiences. The first steps in language development and the role of adult-child interaction (both verbal and nonverbal) are very important. The focus is on the way parents–mothers in particular–structure the child’s language-learning experiences so that they are conducive to the steps the child must take to master the first stages of language acquisition. Moreover, Harris (1992) concludes that early lexical development (the learning of an initial vocabulary) may be more sensitive to individual differences in parental interaction styles than has been demonstrated to be the case for syntactic development. Hence, the emphasis of the monograph is on the period and processes of parent interaction and child language development from the pre-verbal phases, from 6 month of age, through to the appearance of word combinations, around 2 years of age; that is, roughly Brown’s (1973) Stage I and early Stage 2. There are 3 major theoretical controversies about the nature and process of language development; the research into the influence of adult speech on children’s learning language; the role of the social interactional context in assisting language development; the child’s use of the immediate referential context in progressing through the first steps in language development; and what constitutes appropriate evidence with which to address these issues. (Harris, 1992) In the early weeks of life, pragmatic skills (responding to verbal and non-verbal aspects of language) develop as babies interact with their carers through crying, blinking and smiling. First words appear between 12 and 18 months. (http://www. literacytrust. org. uk/Research/earlylanguage. html) ? 12-month-olds can distinguish between words, mouth sounds and object noises. They have linguistically specific knowledge of the privileged status of language. (Pruden, et al. , (2006) ? Children aged 18 to 35 months demonstrate learning through integration of earlier instruction with subsequent problem-solving experience. Toddlers are not passive learners. (Chen and Siegler, 2000) Furthermore, according to the website http://www. literacytrust. org. uk, Mother-child dynamic in language learning has been central to early year’s research. Mothers are often the predominant influences in children’s early years. The concentration on maternal speech input implies that mothers share a unique relationship with their children as they learn language, that mothers are programmed to respond to children’s sounds in a way that reinforces early language development and, in turn, that the child has an innate capacity for learning language. Early studies in this area found that mother’s speech facilitates, and, in some cases, hinders the language development of young children. Social contact between parents and infants are considered to be a contributing factor in language development. It is also noted that social interaction with other people can either impede or development the babies language. Environment and culture can influence one’s speech as well. A baby whose parents are Asian and American and living in Europe could somehow impede his speech especially when there are different languages at home. Being specific at an early age could help the baby understand more and becomes attuned to his surroundings. Additionally, when the child verbally establishes complex connections and relations between perceived phenomena with the help of an adult, the child introduces at each moment essential qualitative changes in the receptivity and interpretation of sensory input to his brain. When a child acquires a word which isolates a particular thing and serves as a signal for a particular action, the child carries out an adult’s verbal instruction is connected to this word. (Eveloff, 1971) Toddlers build vocabulary based on unique experiences, and new words are acquired at an average rate of one word per week until children are 18 months old. Some toddlers focus on primary words that refer to objects and people, and developing strategies such as asking â€Å"what’s that† to elicit noun labels in response from adults. Other youngsters had vocabularies with more words for affect, motion or location, expressive language. Language is considered to be the most significant adaptive measure available to developing human. Language is highly related to developmental hierarchies such as neurophysiologic, cognitive, and affective. .(Slentz, et al. , 2001) Overall, early language and development starts with parents or the babies caregiver, it is an essential factor for parents to be educated properly on what are their roles in developing their babies language. Babies’ language development can impede or progress, depending on the ability of the parents and how they interact with their babies. I personally believe that education is the best tool in order to achieve great results for communicating well. Language, speech, and emotions can be linked together. Emotions are greatly expressed through words, and thus this will lead to how we can influence the child’s language and development. Parents are foremost educators on developing the characteristic and personality of the child. Language factor is another contributing aspect on how the child will become in the future. References: Bowlby, J. (1980) Loss: Sadness & Depression [Vol. 3 of Attachment and Loss]. London: Hogarth Press; New York: Basic Books; Harmondsworth: Penguin (1981). Brown, R. W. (1973) A First Language: the Early Stages. Cambridge, Harvard University Press Chen, Z. , & Siegler, R. S. (2000). Across the great divide: bridging the gap between understanding of toddlers’ and older children’s thinking. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 65 No. 2 Clulow, C. (1993) Human Development: An Introduction to the Psychodynamics of Growth, Maturity and Ageing. Psychology Press UK Eveloff, H (1971) Some Cognitive and Affective Aspects of Early Language Development Child Development, Dec71, Vol. 42 Issue 6, p1895-1907, 13p; Harris, M (1992) Language Experience and Early Language Development: from input to Uptake Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Paavola, et al. , (2005) Maternal responsiveness and infant intentional communication: implications for the early communicative and linguistic development.. Child: Care, Health & Development, Nov2005, Vol. 31 Issue 6, p727-735, 9p; Pruden, et al. , (2006) The Birth of Words: Ten-Month-Olds Learn Words Through Perceptual Salience Child Development 77 (2), 266–280. Slentz, K. , & Krogh (2001) Early Childhood Development and Its Variations. Mahwah, N. J. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. â€Å"Early language development: a review of the evidence for birth to age three† can be accessed at http://www. literacytrust. org. uk/Research/earlylanguage. html (accessed February 22, 2007)

Inspiration for Inquiry Essay

The school that is subject for evaluation in this paper is a charter school in Michigan, a publicly funded school, which means, the students are not allowed to pay any charges beyond the funds allocated to the school.   The state and the local district is the one that provides for the operation.   Since the school is instituted to meet the greater demand for education, this school is non-sectarian and non-discriminatory. It accepts all types of students regardless of religion or race.   In the same way, religious or cultural beliefs are not prohibited here.   The obvious problem in this school is that, students are selected by lottery to avoid any biases in the assortment since the school cannot accommodate students beyond their limit.   The school is serving an economically disadvantaged and racially diverse population.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Being a relatively small public school, this school receives monetary support and services from both the state and local government lower than conventional public schools.   As a result of conducted test, assessment of students’ outcomes is generally low.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The staff of the school particularly the principal is less experienced and has less management credentials.   Teachers here on the other hand, are very efficient for they have active participation especially in informal professional development such as mentoring and shadowing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, despite good performances, the school experience insufficiencies especially if we will consider its long-term success. Although the school has given autonomy yet, it is bounded in such a way that parents have direct involvement in them.   Likewise, teachers are found less motivated after three years of teaching for seeing that school mission is not met by the school. Teaching staff comprises about fifty percent of the total staff, about forty percent of these teachers are in twenties, while the females are in seventy percent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Teachers are notably satisfied with the school facilities but not in their salaries. Aside from that, only few teachers are enrolled in the retirement program of the state.   Their expectations before they were hired were higher than what they experience.   The reason according to authorities, the school receive minimal budget from the local government.   In effect, most of these teachers after gaining enough experience would move to other school.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Teachers are highly receptive for change, and that is why they expect for change from both the board of directors and the parents.   At least sufficient intervention from the local government and parents are needed to mend these needs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In view of organizational climate, parents participate less in the direction of the school.   The less experienced principal cannot do something about the problem.   The teachers behave in such a way that maintains what actually exists with mind to get out once the needed employment experience has been satisfied.   They all work for the accomplishment of set goals without great desire for a much higher academic achievements. Teachers are performing quite well for a limited sources and privileges that affect generally the instruction.   People are seemingly individualistic aiming to sustain the daily challenges having no definite direction ahead of them since no regular monitoring for corrective measures are prearranged.   Likewise, students are less challenged and grades are relatively low. Inquiry Statement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The problems manifested in this paper require a considerable attention from proper authorities particularly the principal.   Specific issues that sought deliberation are formulated for key areas of concern. How could the school generate enough funding for their annual expenditures? Funding is seen as the number one problem; this is the reason why the school cannot create programs for the development of the curriculum and facilities that hinders cooperative values among them. How the school could produce technical supports needed to meet academic requirement? Other concerns that may not be covered by the budget can be produced through technical supports.   If needs are met, the culture of cooperation among the staff can be developed. What are the necessary steps to improve the quality of instruction in the classroom? It aims to improve not only the quality of education but also the credibility of the teachers.   The value of competitiveness must be developed among the teachers and staff. What necessary steps are needed to promote professional growth of the teachers? Professional growth of teachers is significant to maintain teachers’ retention.   This can be achieved by giving trainings to teachers and by upgrading their salaries.   This will help develop commitment among the teachers. What standardized evaluation is to formulate to measure the school performance? Regular evaluation of teachers’ performance, students’ scholastic achievement, and school performance as well, will ensure growth of the school.   Once the school has clearly established goals, teachers would be challenged to participate in the achievement of goals. What policies are to integrate that will develop in-depth structure of parents-teachers organization.   This aims to promote good partnership between parents and school for the improvement of the school. These inquiry statements are formulated in order to guide the leader in creating a culture that meets organizational objectives. Hypothesis               . The question that needs to be asked to determine whether our school faculty is receptive of change is whether they are willing to move their institution towards greater focus on student learning and success. I believe that in order for the institution to achieve its goal, the school system not only the faculty should promote a community environment that is receptive to change. Indeed the need for change in the operation of college and universities is becoming obvious. Change is now the much-loved term of organizational development.   Everyone must be willing to alter change that starts from the upper level of the organization.   However, if no one would be willing to open their eyes for greater impact in the community, no change will occur. In the same way, once the needs for improvement have been identified, a structured-plan must be implemented in such a way that results are interrelated that affects the organization as a whole. In effect, a different organizational culture will be formed.   These are the desirable values and norms that support one another toward the growth of each one; of course for the achievement of mission and vision of the school.   This time, the value of time, cooperation, participation, respect, commitment, and camaraderie begin to envelope the organization. Evidence from the Literature In the foreword of Christine Johnson’s McPhail (2005) book, she pointed out that,   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Projection done by the Bureau of Labor Statistic show a growing disparity between job requirements and employee skills. Higher education institution, including community colleges, needs to accept more responsibility for what our students learn† (p. vi).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Johnson asserts that most schools and community colleges are changing their instructional program and services, recruitment, hiring, training of faculty, and service delivery, almost daily. Johnson emphasized the reason behind these changes is to recapture the drive that founded the schools and community college movement, reinforced its multiple missions, and to find expression in the success of the learner. Thus in our school system, the need for change of our faculty has been recognized as an important catalyst of improving the institution towards the student greater learning and expression of success. Our faculty is receptive of this change in view of the need to address the growing disparity between job requirements and employee skills.   Marvin Wideen and Ivy Pye (1994) noted that teachers’ first concern about change in the institution is all about â€Å"teaching and learning activities† for improvement of student learning (p. 135). As the need for change is recognized as important in the development of the professional learning communities a leader therefore should build culture that will support the professional learning communities in practice by establishing a culture of intellectual discipline distinct from the professional standard of the institution. Armstrong, Thompson, and Brown (1997) emphasized that academic managers has the critical role to â€Å"encourage and support colleagues’ adaptation to change† (p. 98).   Some of the values that must be developed is intellectual discipline, which means an emphasis on professionalism in thinking, speaking, and in doing, in other words, making it a habit to be professional. Another way to build a culture that will support professional learning communities in practice is to develop a culture of caring and obliging community. In contrast with individualism and consumerism, this will help professionals to be more at ease and cheerful as they perform their work. It is quite a familiar idea that its not at all monetary issue that is important in the work place. Creating such cultures can establish positive values and attitudes that are important towards sustaining interpersonal relationship. Richard Barrett (2006) noted that harmonious interpersonal relationships is significant for the survival of the organization; hence, there should be â€Å"a sense of loyalty and belongingness among employees and a sense of caring and connection between the organization and its customers† (p. 29). In the same manner, cultural values in an organization play an important role in directing change.   Weiner and Ronch (2003) emphasized that â€Å"culture is constructed of values, beliefs, and assumptions about how the world works; values represent the organization’s ideas about what ought to be (p. 16).   He further stated that values rooted in the culture provide the foundation and guiding elements in the organization that drive people to follow. Findings   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In what ways, school culture can influence leadership?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Preeddy and Glatter stated, â€Å"Culture is the glue that holds everyone together† (p. 96).   Normally, cultural values influence leadership.   It is explained using a double-headed arrow.   The school leader is part of the school that influences it. Being a part of that culture, the leader uses leadership that caters to the need and values of the people.   In the same way, the kind of leadership affects or influences the culture of the organization.   It is a give and take response because a culture gradually changes as many people come in and participate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cultural values are possible using the idea that school culture can affect leadership.   Leadership must direct cultural change, and the kind of leadership that can move the culture to undergo change is penetrating the culture itself and identify weaker areas that need change.   Once the need is recognized, the group can be motivated to alter change for the better.   The school above is open for change if only the leader is open to initiate such change. Work Cited Armstrong, S., Thompson, G., & Brown, S. 1997. Facing Up to Radical Changes in Universities and Colleges.   UK: Routledge. Barrett, Richard. 2006. Building a Values-Driven Organization: A Whole System Approach to Cultural Transformation. UK: Elsevier Inc. McPhail, Christine. 2005. Establishing & Sustaining Learning-Centered Community Colleges.   USA: American Association of Community Colleges. Preedy, M. & Glatter, R. 2003. Strategic Leadership and Educational Improvement. London: Sage Publication Company. Weiner, A. & Ronch, J. 2003. Culture Change in Long-Term Care. USA: Haworth Press. Wideen, M. & Pye, I. 1994. The Struggle for Change: The Story of One School.   UK: Routledge.

Bon vs Bien - Mauvais vs Mal

The French words bon and bien, mauvais and mal are often mixed up. This is because the two pairs have similar meanings: bon and bien are positive while mauvais and mal are negative. In addition all four of these words can be adjectives, adverbs, or nouns. Bon and mauvais are usually adjectives, while  bien and mal are usually adverbs. The following table summarizes the differences between each pair; click the links below for more information. adjective good well bad wrong adverb nice well bad badly noun form good(s) bad part evil